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Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 70, No. 11,
pp. 2142, 1998
Genomes, proteomes and bioinformatics*
D.L. Oxender, B. Moldover, and J.D. Cavalcoli.
Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Res., Division of Warner-Lambert Co.,
Ann Arbor, MI 48105
E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract: We are now facing an unprecidented flood of information
as a result of complete genome sequencing projects. In the last year
and a half the complete genome of the first eucaryote, saccharomyces
cerevisiae, (14 Mb, 6,340 ORFs) has been added to the data base
which already contains the complete genomes of a number of prokaryotes
such as Haemophilus influenzae (1.8 Mb, 1,1743 ORFs), Mycoplasma
genitalium, Methanococcus jannaschii (1,738 ORFs) and
Escherichia coli (4285 ORFs). More ambitious projects are well
underway such as C. elegans (ca. 20,000 ORFs) and the human
genome project (3,000 Mb, ca. 50,000 ORFs). The next challenge after
the post genome era is the assignment of function to the expressed
genes which will help identify genes associated with disease processes.
Powerful new technologies are being developed to map and quantify
proteins expressed within a cell. Assignment of a phenotype for each
gene as a result of systematic deletion of each ORF can be an important
step in creating a gene-protein database. Bioinformatics is the scientific
discipline that is essential for bringing proteome and genome analyses
together. Proteome analysis by separation of complex mixtures of cellular
proteins by 2-D electrophoresis is an important tool for creating
the gene-protein data base. Protein identification has been greatly
improved as a result of new techniques in mass spectrometry (MS).
Two of these techniques are matrix assisted laser desorption and ionization
(MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI). Using the new MS techniques
it is possible to rapidly measure the masses of each of the proteins
and the peptides that are generated by enzymatic digestion. A fingerprint
of each protein from the 2-D analysis can now be used to identify
the corresponding gene (ORF) in the data base. Several biotech corporations
have been formed to take advantage of the genome-proteome technology.
Download full text (5 pages)
- PDF file (25KB)
* Invited lecture presented at the International
Conference on Bioversity and Bioresources: Conservation and Utilization,
23-37 November 1997, Phuket, Thailand.
Page last modified 14 April 1999.
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