Number: 2002-033-1-500 (previously 583/25/89)
Title: Solubility data related to oceanic salt systems. Part
I - Binary systems containing sodium, potassium, and ammonium sulfate
Series: Solubility Data Series; editor-in-chief: Mark
Salomon
Task Group
Chairman: C. Balarew
Member: R. Bouaziz
Objective:
The objective of the project is updating and evaluating the numerous
data available in the literature on binary, ternary and multicomponent
systems included in oceanic salt solutions in order to allow the construction
of models of sea-water, brines, bitterns and natural salt solutions.
A data-bank on solubility data of such systems is of major importance
in the industrial activities concerning crystallization and extraction
processes, in the solution of environmental problems as well as in mining
of salt deposits. It is expected to compile a data-bank with all existing
data of the six components marine-type system Na+, K+,
Mg2+, Ca2+/Cl-, SO42-//H2O
Description:
The oceanic salt system comprises the ions Na+, K+,
Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl- and SO42-.
Extended evaporitic deposits in Europe (Germany, Netherlands, Spain,
France, Poland, Russia), Northern (Canada) and South America (Brasilia),
Africa (Congo) as well as in Asia had been formed from these ions during
evaporation - crystallization processes of sea waters in geological
times. Geological surveying of these deposits, their exploitation in
potash mining, rock salt mining, fertilizer production, usage of rock
salt mines as repository for nuclear or chemical wastes, all this requires
the exact knowledge of solubility equilibria in the multi-component
oceanic salt system within a broad range of temperatures. At present
also solution mining of magnesium chloride for magnesium metal production
is performed or in the stage of planning in a number of places world
(Netherlands, Congo, Thailand, Uzbekistan). In addition, evaporation
and aerosol formation from oceans are important controlling factors
for the worlds climate. Understanding of the details in coupling of
evaporation and crystallization processes within the droplets transported
into the upper atmosphere represents a crucial part for the formulation
of material and energy exchange models. Climate changes from past time
periods are manifested in the complex evaporitic deposition patterns,
which are interpreted on the basis of the solid-liquid equilibria of
the multi-component oceanic salt system.
In 1933, d'Ans published a comprehensive bibliography and compilation
of primary data for solubilities of oceanic salts, and also made preliminary
evaluations of these data. No comprehensive update to the bibliography
or to the compilations has been made, despite their importance. While
many partial models of seawater have been reported in the literature,
these make use of only limited sets of data.
The goals of this part of the overall Solubility Data Series Project
are:
- To produce up-to-date compilations of data (with bibliography),
constructed in the format of the IUPAC Solubility Data Series. A partially-computerized
bibliographic database with associated reprints of all relevant publications
is being maintained, with over 400 relevant entries. The first of
this series was published some years ago as SDS Vol. 47: Alkali Metal
and Ammonium Chlorides in Water and Heavy Water: Binary Systems, R.
Cohen-Adad and J.W. Lorimer, eds. (1991). A scheme for systematic
extension of the series to include other binary systems, then ternary
systems, etc., has been devised.
- To devise and document appropriate methods for critical evaluation
of the data. These methods will include methods for describing paragenesis
of systems, for example, compositions of solid and solution phases
during the evaporite sequence in removal of water from sea water.
In addition to a volume on binary systems containing sodium, potassium,
and ammonium sulfate, a second volume on magnesium chloride-water and
calcium chloride-water and their mixtures will be prepared - see Project
2002-034-1-500
Progress:
> Nov 2004 report update (pdf
file - 14KB)
To be published as part of the IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series. in
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data.
Project abandoned - to be restructured
Last Update: 30 June 2006
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