Number: 1999-014-2-600
Title: Airborne and remote monitoring of water quality: evaluation
of remote sensing techniques for water quality control in surface water
bodies.
Task Group
Chairman: A.G. Dekker
Members:
A Gitelson, I. Dor, W.J.M. Peijnenburg, H. Egli, O.A. Shpigun
Completion Date: 2006 - project abandoned
Objective:
To prepare a critical review and the state-of-the-art of the remote
sensing techniques which are suggested for surface water monitoring,
using visible and near infra-red ranges of the light spectrum and interpretation
of data to support water quality monitoring and evaluation.
Description:
Remote sensing techniques are being introduced as simple and fast
response techniques for water quality monitoring, providing spatial
distribution and area coverage not possible with direct measurements
and water sampling. Using multi-spectral imagery, large water bodies
can be easily and immediately monitored for particular water pollutants,
allowing immediate reaction, supplementing tedious measurement of common
pollution indicators, e.g., suspended matter, BOD5, DOC and chlorophyll
measurements.
High spectral resolution radiometry has been used for studying the
spectral behavior of reflectance in various water bodies producing detailed
distribution of optically active constituents concentrations in natural
and man made water bodies impounding fresh water and wastewater effluents
(Gitelson et al. 1993, Dekker 1993, Quibell, 1991 & 1992, Lanthorp,
1992, Stephan et al. 1997). Theses studies yielded valuable and quantitative
information regarding various water constituents, e.g. sediments, phytoplankton
(chlorophyll), detritus and other non-organic matter and their interaction
with natural light, assuming that spectral green to near infra red range
can be effective in productive inland water monitoring as compared to
the blue to green spectral range considered to be appropriate for remote
sensing of ocean water quality.
Space - borne remote multi-spectral images are commercially available
from SPOT, MSS, LANDSAT and ARIES and having the necessary equipment,
these powerful and promising monitoring tools provide multi-spectral
imagery of large areas that can replace the timely, tedious and frequent
sampling of water and on-line measurements. Reflectance spectra of water
constituents can be used to estimate spatial and temporal variation
of water constituents including phytoplankton density, concentration
of suspended and dissolved compounds and chlorophyll. Remote sensing
of the optical signal reflected from water surface could be a useful
mean, providing a synoptic view of the water body. Issues to be discussed
will include:
- Methods and techniques
- Practical experience
- Calibration, verification and data interpretation
- Quantitative estimation of specific contaminants and accuracy
- Complementary models
- Examination of time series
Progress:
The review and its findings will be discussed at a workshop to be organized
in 2002.
project abandoned
Last Update: 9 August 2006
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