Chemistry In Africa's Least Developed Countries
An Overview of Capacity Building and Research Support
Report prepared by C. F. Garbers (1998)
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TABLE 1
Africa: Enrolled Students; Graduates in Natural Science
and Research Output in Chemistry
|
COUNTRY
|
THIRD LEVEL STUDENTS (YEAR)
(1)
|
GRADUATES IN NATURAL SCIENCE
(YEAR)
(2)
|
CA ABSTRACTS 1987
(3)
|
CA ABSTRACTS 1996
(3)
|
ISI
CHEMISTRY ABSTRACTS
(4)
|
NORTH
AFRICA |
|
|
|
|
Algeria |
303111 ('93)
|
1404 ('93)
|
56
|
165
|
45
|
Egypt |
708417 ('91)
|
3852 ('93)
|
753
|
2560
|
579
|
Libya |
72899 ('92)
|
N.A
|
34
|
22
|
10
|
Morocco |
250919 ('95)
|
6947 ('95)
|
48
|
246
|
125
|
Tunisia |
102682 ('95)
|
958 ('95)
|
85
|
171
|
37
|
Western Sahara |
|
|
|
|
|
SUB-SAHARAN
AFRICA |
|
|
|
|
Angola |
6331* ('92)
|
38** ('92)
|
0
|
4
|
0
|
Benin |
10986 ('94)
|
32 ('86)
|
1
|
11
|
0
|
Botswana |
5062* ('95)
|
22 ('91)
|
4
|
8
|
3
|
Burkina Faso |
8815 ('95)
|
402** ('92)
|
6
|
8
|
3
|
Burundi |
4256 ('93)
|
132 ('92)
|
2
|
7
|
0
|
Cameroon |
33177 ('91)
|
N.A
|
16
|
38
|
9
|
Central African
Republic |
3783* ('92)
|
N.A
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
Chad |
2941* ('94)
|
69 ('93)
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Comoros |
229 ('93)
|
N.A
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Congo |
13806 ('93)
|
55 ('88)
|
4
|
4
|
1
|
Côte d'Ivoire |
23642 ('87)
|
N.A
|
23
|
14
|
0
|
Djibouti |
61 ('93)
|
N.A
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
Equatorial Guinea |
578 ('91)
|
N.A
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Eritrea |
3137 ('95)
|
132 ('95)
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Ethiopia |
26218 ('92)
|
247 ('92)
|
10
|
42
|
15
|
Gabon |
3000* ('92)
|
-
|
3
|
11
|
2
|
Gambia |
1591 ('95)
|
N.A
|
0
|
7
|
0
|
Ghana |
9609 ('91)
|
290 ('91)
|
13
|
30
|
8
|
Guinea |
5366 ('91)
|
327** ('88)
|
2
|
1
|
0
|
Kenya |
35421* ('91)
|
1099** ('91)
|
58
|
97
|
13
|
Lesotho |
4001 ('94)
|
39 ('93)
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
Liberia |
-
|
-
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
Madagascar |
42681 ('93)
|
652 ('92)
|
5
|
12
|
0
|
Malawi |
7308 ('93)
|
75 ('94)
|
2
|
1
|
0
|
Mali |
6703 ('91)
|
N.A
|
1
|
4
|
0
|
Mauritania |
8495 ('94)
|
15 ('94)
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Mauritius |
2161* ('94)
|
14 ('92)
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Mozambique |
5250 ('94)
|
25 ('94)
|
1
|
2
|
0
|
Namibia |
11344 ('94)
|
9 ('91)
|
2
|
1
|
0
|
Niger |
4513 ('92)
|
N.A
|
9
|
16
|
2
|
Nigeria |
335824 ('90)
|
3311 ('90)
|
381
|
384
|
101
|
Rwanda |
3389 ('90)
|
12 ('90)
|
3
|
1
|
0
|
Senegal |
23001 ('93)
|
222 ('89)
|
22
|
33
|
9
|
Sierra Leone |
4742 ('91)
|
N.A
|
5
|
12
|
0
|
Somalia |
15672 ('87)
|
N.A
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
South Africa |
869610 ('95)
(note 5)
|
2854 ('94)
|
1270
|
1359
|
250
|
Sudan |
60134 ('90)
|
210** ('91)
|
42
|
9
|
7
|
Swaziland |
4183 ('94)
|
57 ('95)
|
1
|
2
|
0
|
Tanzania |
5254 ('90)
|
N.A
|
18
|
23
|
8
|
Togo |
10994 ('95)
|
22 ('89)
|
1
|
4
|
0
|
Uganda |
24122 ('94)
|
280 ('94)
|
4
|
3
|
0
|
Zaire |
61422 ('89)
|
N.A
|
6
|
8
|
5
|
Zambia |
15343 ('90)
|
62 ('89)
|
5
|
10
|
3
|
Zimbabwe |
61553 ('92)
|
221 ('90)
|
17
|
35
|
9
|
1) All institutions:
universities and equivalent institutions; distance learning institutions,
and other third level institutions.
* Refers to universities and equivalent institutions
only.
Source: UNESCO Statistical Yearbook - 1996
2) Third level
graduates in natural science (degree and postgraduate qualification).
Natural Science includes Biological, Science, Chemistry, Geological
Science, Physics, Astronomy, Meteorology, and Oceanography.
** Denotes qualifications including those not
at degree level.
3) 'Abstracts
of papers by country' are based on the assumption that the address of
the first author corresponds to the place of work. This is not always
true.
The numbers include journals articles, conference
papers, and technical reports.
4) Abstracted
from Institute for Scientific Information (USA) Database: SCI (Science
Citation Index). Mrs. A. Pouris, Foundation for Research Development,
Pretoria, is thanked for this analysis.
5) National Commission on
Higher Education (1996). Figure includes 147 645 students trained at
post-secondary level in private institutions.
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